Cation formula - Strontium nitrate is composed of strontium ions and nitrate ions bonded together. Strontium is an element in group 2 of the periodic table; it forms monatomic Sr 2 + ‍ ions. Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with formula NO A 3 − ‍ .

 
Apr 22, 2013 ... To see all my Chemistry videos, check out http://socratic.org/chemistry Here's how to write formulas for ionic compounds that contain .... Does brit hume have cancer

Question: Complete the following table: Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Cr3+ Cl- Mn2+ S2-. Here’s the best way to solve it. Identify the charges of the cation and the anion to determine the correct ratio of … Free Chemistry calculator - Calculate chemical reactions and chemical properties step-by-step The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Predicting the Formula of an Ionic Compound The gemstone sapphire (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)) is mostly a compound of aluminum and oxygen that contains aluminum cations, Al 3 + , …Polyatomic ions have defined formulas, names, and charges that cannot be modified in any way. Table 3.4.1 3.4. 1 lists the ion names and ion formulas of the most common polyatomic ions. For example, NO−3 NO 3 − is the nitrate ion; it has one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms and an overall 1− charge.Question: Fill in the compound formulas in the table below. Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Fe3+ Br- Ni2+ F- NH,+ NO2-. Here’s the best way to solve it. Fill in the compound formulas in the table below. Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Fe3+ Br- Ni2+ F- NH,+ NO2-.The oxygen atom will adopt a 2− charge as an ion. To balance the positive and negative charges, we look to the least common multiple—6: two iron 3+ ions will give 6+, while three 2− oxide ions will give 6−, thereby balancing the overall positive and negative charges. Thus, the formula for this ionic compound is Fe 2 O 3.Sep 20, 2022 · These electrons are loosely attached to the atom and can easily be removed, leaving more protons in the atom than there are electrons, so that the resulting ion has a positive charge. Cations can also be formed from electron loss to many of the transition elements. Figure 7.3.3 7.3. 3: Periodic Table of Elements, notated with group numbers. In other words, write the cation on the left and the anion on the right. The formula of a salt is: (cation) m (anion) n · (#)H 2 O. where the H 2 O is omitted if the # is zero, m is the oxidation state of the anion, and n is the oxidation state of the anion. If m or n is 1, then no subscript is written in the formula.The chemical formula of a compound is always written with the cation first, followed by the anion. For example, Na is the cation and Cl is the anion in NaCl (table salt). The same convention applies to … The symbol for a cation is the element symbol or molecular formula, followed by a superscript of the charge. The number of the charge is given first, followed by a plus symbol. If the charge is one, the numeral is omitted. A stock's yield is calculated by dividing the per-share dividend by the purchase price, not the market price. A stock&aposs yield is calculated by dividing the per-share dividend b...Cations vs anions – what’s the difference? Cations are ions that are positively charged. Anions are ions that are negatively charged. Ions are charged …The chemical formula for a chlorine atom is Cl and the chemical formula for the ion is Cl −. Notice again how the one is left off of the ion charge when writing the formula. Anion names work slightly differently than cation names: the ion formed from a chlorine atom is called a chloride ion.Beginning with the cation, write the compound’s formula and then determine the number of cations and anions needed to achieve electrical neutrality. Solution: a. A Calcium is in group 2, so it forms only the Ca 2 + ion. B Dihydrogen phosphate is the H 2 PO 4 − ion (Table 2.4).Para encontrar a fórmula de um composto iônico, identifique o cátion e escreva seu símbolo e carga. Identifique então o ânion e escreva seu símbolo e carga. Depois disso combine os dois íons para formar um elemento eletricamente neutro. Neste vídeo, vamos seguir este processo para o composto iônico brometo de cálcio.May 20, 2018 · A binary ionic compound is a compound composed of a monatomic metal cation and a monatomic nonmetal anion. The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1 for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. name of nonmetal anion + suffix -ide. Li 2 O 2. Lithium Chromate. Li 2 CrO 4. Lithium Dichromate. Li 2 Cr 2 O 7. Lithium Hydrogen Phosphate. Li 2 HPO 4. Lithium Phosphate. Li 3 PO 4.The chemical formula for a chlorine atom is Cl and the chemical formula for the ion is Cl −. Notice again how the one is left off of the ion charge when writing the formula. Anion names work slightly differently than cation names: the ion formed from a chlorine atom is called a chloride ion.You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: The compound CuCro4 is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula Anion formula Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining. Here’s the best way to solve it.Cation Names and Formulas. Tutorial for converting between names and formulas for cations for An Introduction to Chemistry by Mark Bishop.Here’s the best way to solve it. Complete the following table: Compound Formula Cation Formula Anion Formula CH3COO Na (CH3COO) Na* Ba (CN)2 Ba2+ CN- Mg2 (SO2 Mg2+ Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 8 more group attempts remaining.Calculating amoritization for your credit card debt will help you formulate a plan for paying off your card faster. With interest rates typically much higher than interest rates fo...For example, in the reaction of Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine), each Cl atom takes one electron from a Na atom. Therefore each Na becomes a Na + cation and each Cl atom becomes a Cl-anion. Due to their opposite charges, they attract each other to form an ionic lattice. The formula (ratio of positive to negative ions) in the lattice is \(\ce{NaCl}\).However, the formulas for some ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are not empirical formulas. For example, the ionic compound sodium oxalate is comprised of Na + and C 2 O 4 2− C 2 O 4 2− ions combined in a 2:1 ratio, and its formula is written as Na 2 C 2 O 4 .Sep 24, 2021 · A binary ionic compound is a compound composed of a monatomic metal cation and a monatomic nonmetal anion. The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. Figure Naming. Feb 3, 2011 ... 9:34 · Go to channel · Math Olympiad | Can you solve this ? | A Nice Algebra Equation with Square Roots. Learncommunolizer New 6.9K views · 5:5...Here’s the best way to solve it. Complete the following table: Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Zn2+ F Ag 02- CM3+ cl Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 4 more group attempts remaining Complete the following table: Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Ba2+ S032- Na+ HCO3 Ca2+ он".Apr 22, 2013 ... To see all my Chemistry videos, check out http://socratic.org/chemistry Here's how to write formulas for ionic compounds that contain ...May 9, 2021 ... In this video we will learn how to make chemical formula by learning cation and anion. I have made some tricks to learn how to make chemical ... Figure2.7.3 2.7. 3: Example of some compounds that have multiple oxidation states. Note mercury (1) is not a monoatomic cation, but is really a homonuclear diatomic ion of two mercury atoms bound to each other, both having lost one electron. So Hg 2 Cl 2 it the lowest whole number ratio of cation to anion. Example 2. When naming a formula for an ionic compound whose cation can have more than one possible charge, you must first determine the charge on the cation before identifying its correct name. For example, consider FeCl2 FeCl 2 and FeCl3 FeCl 3. In the first compound, the iron ion has a 2+ charge because there are two Cl− Cl − ions in the formula (1 ...Examples. Sulfide, Oxide, Fluoride, Chloride. Iron, Lead, Sodium. Anions and cations are both ions. They have an opposite electrical charge, therefore they get attracted to each other. Cation repels other cation whereas anion repels another anion. The number of protons is more than the number of electrons in a cation whereas the number of ...The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. For example, if a compound contains aluminum and oxygen in the form of Al 3+ and O 2−, the formula of the compound would be Al 2 O 3. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and ...The oxygen atom will adopt a 2− charge as an ion. To balance the positive and negative charges, we look to the least common multiple—6: two iron 3+ ions will give 6+, while three 2− oxide ions will give 6−, thereby balancing the overall positive and negative charges. Thus, the formula for this ionic compound is Fe 2 O 3.Jun 26, 2014 ... Part 3: Naming Cations and anions. ... How to identify cations and anions in ionic compounds. ... Writing Ionic Formulas: Introduction. Tyler ...The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. Example 1: Predicting the Formula of an Ionic Compound The gemstone sapphire (Figure 1) is mostly a compound of aluminum and oxygen that contains aluminum cations, Al 3+ , and oxygen anions, O 2− .The name of a monatomic anion consists of the stem of the element name, the suffix - ide, and then the word ion. Thus, as we have already seen, Cl − is “chlor-” + “-ide ion,” or the chloride ion. Similarly, O 2− is the oxide ion, Se 2− is the selenide ion, and so forth. Table 6.5.2 6.5. 2 lists the names of some common monatomic ions. Chapter 3: Ions, Ionic Compounds, and Nomenclature. An ion is a small particle having an electrical charge. Ions are either single, charged atoms (simple ions), or small charged “molecules” (polyatomic ions). Examples of simple ions are Na+, Ca+2, Cl-‐, and S-‐2. Examples of polyatomic ions are NH. Jan 2, 2021 · Formulas of Ionic Compounds. Ionic compounds form when positive and negative ions share electrons and form an ionic bond. The strong attraction between positive and negative ions often produce crystalline solids that have high melting points. Ionic bonds form instead of covalent bonds when there is a large difference in electronegativity ... What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula Anion formula + Cu ; This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. Question: The compound Cul, is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is …The PRSS1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called cationic trypsinogen. Learn about this gene and related health conditions. The PRSS1 gene provides instructions for...The criss-cross method is a simple way to determine the chemical formula of an ionic compound when y... Complete the following table: Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Mg2+ Cro42- Ca2+ so32- K+ он: Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 4 more group attempts remaining."After decades of advertising breast milk substitutes to readers of The BMJ, we have decided it is time to stop." On Monday (March 18), the British Medical Journal (BMJ) announced ...Additional Formulas · Ideal Gas Law · Henry's Law · Hess' Law · Raoult's Law · Chemical Formulas · Chemical Reactions · Strength of Common Acids · Strength of Common Bases · Cations and Anions · Molar EnthalpyThe metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1 for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1: Naming BaCl2 B a C l 2. Naming formula: Name of metal cation + base. name of nonmetal anion + suffix -ide.The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. For example, if a compound contains aluminum and oxygen in the form of Al 3+ and O 2−, the formula of the compound would be Al 2 O 3. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and ...Saying an ion has variable charges means that the same element can form ions with different charges. For example, it is possible for copper to form both an ion with a +1 charge and to form an ion with a +2 charge. The large majority of transition metals form ions with variable charges. There is also a small block of main group metals that form ...What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula Anion formula ; This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. Question: The compound Ag2S is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is composed?Key Terms. Cation: A positively charged ion. Anion: A negatively charged ion. Electron: the subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity. Solution: A homogeneous mixture, which may be a liquid, gas, or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances."After decades of advertising breast milk substitutes to readers of The BMJ, we have decided it is time to stop." On Monday (March 18), the British Medical Journal (BMJ) announced ...Sep 20, 2022 · These electrons are loosely attached to the atom and can easily be removed, leaving more protons in the atom than there are electrons, so that the resulting ion has a positive charge. Cations can also be formed from electron loss to many of the transition elements. Figure 7.3.3 7.3. 3: Periodic Table of Elements, notated with group numbers. Magnesium fluoride cation. Formula: F 2 Mg +. Molecular weight: 62.3013. CAS Registry Number: 68193-66-8. Information on this page: Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels. References. Notes.The formal charge of the sulfate ion, which has the molecular formula (SO4)2-, is -2. Ions that have a negative charge are called anions, and positively charged ions are called cat...An anion, pronounced [ an -ahy- uh n ], is a type of ion —an electrically charged atom or group of atoms. A cation is a type of ion for cats (OK, fine, that’s not true, but it is pronounced [ kat -ahy- uh n ] ). But seriously: anions and cations are both ions. The difference is in the electrical charge. Anions have a negative charge, and ...The name of a monatomic anion consists of the stem of the element name, the suffix - ide, and then the word ion. Thus, as we have already seen, Cl − is “chlor-” + “-ide ion,” or the chloride ion. Similarly, O 2− is the oxide ion, Se 2− is the selenide ion, and so forth. Table 6.5.2 6.5. 2 lists the names of some common monatomic ions.Cations. What is a cation? A cation is an ion that has lost one or more electrons, giving a net positive charge. Because one or more electrons are removed to form a cation, the cation of an atom is smaller than the …There are two chloride ions in the formula. Although chlorine as an element is a diatomic molecule, Cl 2, elemental chlorine is not part of this ionic compound. The chlorine is in the form of a negatively charged ion, not the neutral element. The 2 subscript is in the ionic formula because we need two Cl − ions to balance the charge on one Mg ...For binary ionic compounds (ionic compounds that contain only two types of elements), the compounds are named by writing the name of the cation first followed by …Cations; Learning Objectives. Define cation. Explain how neutral atoms ionize to form cations. Determine the charges achieved when main group metals ionize. Symbolize … The procedure to use the ionic formula calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the ionic chemical compound in the respective input fields. Step 2: Now click the button “Submit” to get the output. Step 3: Finally, the ionic formula and the net ionic charge will be displayed in the new window. The alkaline earth metals in group 2 are always +2 when they form cations. Aluminum and the elements in group 3 are always +3 when they form cations. Zinc and cadmium always form +2 cations. Although silver can form both +1 and +2 cations, the +2 is so rare that we usually name Ag + as silver ion, not silver (I) ion.Cation-exchange capacity is defined as the amount of positive charge that can be exchanged per mass of soil, usually measured in cmol c /kg. Some texts use the older, equivalent units me/100g or meq/100g. CEC is measured in moles of electric charge, so a cation-exchange capacity of 10 cmol c /kg could hold 10 cmol of Na + cations (with 1 …What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula Anion formula ; This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. Question: The compound NiBr2 is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is composed?Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Determine formulas for simple ionic compounds. In every ionic compound, the total number of positive charges …Cation formula Anion formula +3 Mg NO2. Here’s the best way to solve it. Mg (NO3)2 or magnesium nitride is made of Magnesium cation and Ni …. The compound Mg (NO3)2 is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula Anion formula +3 Mg NO2.The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1 for the compound BaCl 2. The word ion is dropped from both parts. Figure 5.7.1 5.7. 1: Naming BaCl2 B a C l 2. Naming formula: Name of metal cation + base. name of nonmetal anion + suffix -ide.Beginning with the cation, write the compound’s formula and then determine the number of cations and anions needed to achieve electrical neutrality. Solution: a. A Calcium is in group 2, so it forms only the Ca 2 + ion. B Dihydrogen phosphate is the H 2 PO 4 − ion (Table 2.4 "Common Polyatomic Ions and Their Names")."After decades of advertising breast milk substitutes to readers of The BMJ, we have decided it is time to stop." On Monday (March 18), the British Medical Journal (BMJ) announced ...The formula to friendship. Steven Strogatz in The New York Times answers the question of why your Facebook friends always seem to have more friends than you. In a colossal study of... Because the ionic compound must be electrically neutral, it must have the same number of positive and negative charges. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and three oxide ions, each with a charge of 2−, would give us six negative charges. The formula would be Al 2 O 3. The major extracellular cation in extracellular fluids is sodium, while the major anion is chloride. In the intracellular fluid, potassium is the major cation. The major cation is ...You can find the distance between two points by using the distance formula, an application of the Pythagorean theorem. Advertisement You're sitting in math class trying to survive ...Answer: Given Na +. The ion name is sodium cation or sodium ion. Net ionic charge is +1. Ionic radii is.Here’s the best way to solve it. Answer o …. For the following compounds type the cation formula (including charge), and anion formula (including charge), and name of the compound. (Work with your group. You won't have google to help on the exam). Remember to use a Roman Numeral indicating the positive charge if the metal cation can have ...Cations are ions which have a positive electrical charge. A cation has fewer electrons than protons. An ion may consist of a single atom of an element ( a …The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. For example, if a compound contains aluminum and oxygen in the form of Al 3+ and O 2−, the formula of the compound would be Al 2 O 3. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and ...When naming a formula for an ionic compound whose cation can have more than one possible charge, you must first determine the charge on the cation before identifying its correct name. For example, consider FeCl2 FeCl 2 and FeCl3 FeCl 3. In the first compound, the iron ion has a 2+ charge because there are two Cl− Cl − ions in the formula (1 ... Hydronium cation. Formula: H 3 O + Molecular weight: 19.0227; ... , Stability and structure of cluster ions in the gas phase: Carbon dioxide with Cl-, H 3 O +, HCO 2 ...

Additional Formulas · Ideal Gas Law · Henry's Law · Hess' Law · Raoult's Law · Chemical Formulas · Chemical Reactions · Strength of Common Acids · Strength of Common Bases · Cations and Anions · Molar Enthalpy . Flowershopping.com reviews

cation formula

Key Terms. Cation: A positively charged ion. Anion: A negatively charged ion. Electron: the subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity. Solution: A homogeneous mixture, which may be a liquid, gas, or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances.Li 2 O 2. Lithium Chromate. Li 2 CrO 4. Lithium Dichromate. Li 2 Cr 2 O 7. Lithium Hydrogen Phosphate. Li 2 HPO 4. Lithium Phosphate. Li 3 PO 4.Formulas of Ionic Compounds. For an ionic compound to be stable, the positive charges have to equal the negative charges. In NaCl, sodium (Na) is +1 and the chloride is –1. ... There is rule for finding the correct formula. In every ionic formula the cation is written first and the anion written second. In the formula, the charge on one ...The criss-cross method is a simple way to determine the chemical formula of an ionic compound when y... Complete the following table: Cation Formula Anion Formula Compound Formula Mg2+ Cro42- Ca2+ so32- K+ он: Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 4 more group attempts remaining.Cation formula= Anion formula= b) The compound KF is an ionic compound. What are the ions of which it is composed? Cation formula= Anion formula= c) The compound CaF2 is an ionic compound.Ion. Electron transfer between lithium (Li) and fluorine (F). Forming an ionic bond, Li and F become Li + and F − ions. An ion ( / ˈaɪ.ɒn, - ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton ...Frank Yiannas, who worked on the response during the 2022 formula shortage, explained why the agency's response was insufficient It’s been just over a year since the US Food and Dr...To find the cation and anion in a compound, we have to first ask if the compound is ionic. Most ionic compounds are made up of two elements: a metal and a non-metal. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound that comprises ions. For example, the iconic ionic compound is sodium chloride, comprising sodium as the metal and chlorine as the …Figure2.7.3 2.7. 3: Example of some compounds that have multiple oxidation states. Note mercury (1) is not a monoatomic cation, but is really a homonuclear diatomic ion of two mercury atoms bound to each other, both having lost one electron. So Hg 2 Cl 2 it the lowest whole number ratio of cation to anion. Example 2.Compounds Containing Only Monatomic Ions. The name of a binary compound containing monatomic ions consists of the name of the cation (the name of the metal) followed by the name of the anion (the name of the nonmetallic element with its ending replaced by the suffix –ide). Some examples are given in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\).Mar 6, 2014 · Lets take the ionic formula for Calcium Chloride is CaCl_2 Calcium is an Alkaline Earth Metal in the second column of the periodic table. This means that calcium has 2 valence electrons it readily gives away in order to seek the stability of the octet. This makes calcium a Ca^(+2) cation. Chlorine is a Halogen in the 17th column or p5 group. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. It needs one ... The formula of an ionic compound must have a ratio of ions such that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal. For example, if a compound contains aluminum and oxygen in the form of Al 3+ and O 2−, the formula of the compound would be Al 2 O 3. Two aluminum ions, each with a charge of 3+, would give us six positive charges, and ... To find the formula of an ionic compound, first identify the cation and write down its symbol and charge. Then, identify the anion and write down its symbol and charge. Finally, combine the two ions to form an electrically neutral compound.Hydronium cation. Formula: H 3 O + Molecular weight: 19.0227; IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2/p+1 Copy. IUPAC Standard InChIKey: XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O Copy; CAS Registry Number: 13968-08-6; Chemical structure: This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD fileFor example, in the reaction of Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine), each Cl atom takes one electron from a Na atom. Therefore each Na becomes a Na + cation and each Cl atom becomes a Cl-anion. Due to their opposite charges, they attract each other to form an ionic lattice. The formula (ratio of positive to negative ions) in the lattice is \(\ce{NaCl}\).Sep 25, 2022 · Exercise 5.5.2 5.5. 2. Write the chemical formula for an ionic compound composed of each pair of ions. the calcium ion and the oxygen ion. the 2+ copper ion and the sulfur ion. the 1+ copper ion and the sulfur ion. Answer a: Answer b: Answer c: Be aware that ionic compounds are empirical formulas and so must be written as the lowest ratio of ... Unit 1: Atoms, compounds, and ions. About this unit. This unit is part of the Chemistry library. Browse videos, articles, and exercises by topic. Introduction to the atom. Learn. Worked example: Atomic weight calculation ... Find the formula for ionic compounds. 4 questions. Practice. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to ...The formal charge of the sulfate ion, which has the molecular formula (SO4)2-, is -2. Ions that have a negative charge are called anions, and positively charged ions are called cat...Jun 26, 2014 ... Part 3: Naming Cations and anions. ... How to identify cations and anions in ionic compounds. ... Writing Ionic Formulas: Introduction. Tyler ...The name of a monatomic anion consists of the stem of the element name, the suffix - ide, and then the word ion. Thus, as we have already seen, Cl − is “chlor-” + “-ide ion,” or the chloride ion. Similarly, O 2− is the oxide ion, Se 2− is the selenide ion, and so forth. Table 6.5.2 6.5. 2 lists the names of some common monatomic ions.Ion. Electron transfer between lithium (Li) and fluorine (F). Forming an ionic bond, Li and F become Li + and F − ions. An ion ( / ˈaɪ.ɒn, - ən /) [1] is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton ....

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